Physical Chemistry Equations

Physical Chemistry EquationsAll physical chemistry equations are explained by the amount of a substance, usually an element, in which the molecule is located. The equation is made up of a quantity, called 'volume' and a force, called 'energy'.Volume in this equation represents the amount of substance that can be placed inside the chemical container of the atom, while energy means the amount of force that the atom can exert on the other atoms in the chemical compound. For example, if the substance is an alcohol, the chemical compound would have more volume and the pressure would be higher because of its higher density. On the other hand, water would have less volume and its pressure would be lower.An example of this kind of substance is the hydrogen molecule, which is made up of three oxygen atoms and one proton. This substance can be dissolved in water to give rise to a product, like water.Any chemical equation must contain a physical connection between the ingredients of the formula and the outcome. The physical connection is measured as a value of their 'critical points', which is the spots at which the results of a chemical reaction to change dramatically.Water is a substance that is present in all bodies of water. Water has two parts, a liquid and a vapor. The vapor is what you and I think of when we think of water. Water molecules get split into two molecules of hydrogen and two molecules of oxygen when they collide.Hydrogen combines with oxygen to make water, and a product of the reaction is water vapor. The problem with the process is that there is more water vapor in the water than the hydrogen gas. The entire product of the reaction is liquid water, which is heavier than water.After the product of the reaction reaches the surface of the water, the hydrogen atoms are combined with one another and become a solid called ice. When an ice cube hits the water, the ice begins to melt, and the water molecules stick together. As this happens, they push away fro m each other, and gravity pulls them closer.

Understanding fractions as division

Understanding fractions as division Fractions is one of the very basic and important representation in mathematics. A fraction is a number that can be expressed in p/q form. This representation can also be understood as division of two numbers or quantities as the top is the numerator and the bottom is the denominator. The denominator of a fraction can never be equal to zero. Fractions can be further simplified according to the requirement. Different mathematical operations can be used to simplify and solve a given fraction. Example 1: Amy brought 20 pencils. She uses all the pencils in 5 weeks equally. How many pencils per week did she use? Solution: Number of pencils brought by Amy = 20. Number of weeks she took to finish the pencils = 5. Number of pencils per week = 20/5. The GCF of 20 and 5 is 5. Dividing the numerator and the denominator by 5. This gives 20 5 /5 5 = 4. Hence, Amy used 4 pencils per week. Question: Multiple choice question (Pick the correct option.) Simplify the fraction 24/72 to its simplest form? a) 2/3 b) 1/6 c) 1/3 d) None of these. Correct answer: option c. Explanation: The given fraction can be further simplified. Write the factors of the numerator and denominator. This gives: 24 = 8 x 3; 72 = 8 x 9. Cancelling the common factor 8 gives 24/72 = 3/9. The fraction can be further simplified by dividing by 3 this gives: 3/9 = 1/3. Hence answer = 1/3.

Advanced Placement Or International Baccalaureate

Advanced Placement Or International Baccalaureate High school students mostly juniors and seniors annually take AP (Advance Placement Tests) or IB (International Baccalaureate tests), but which is better? Jay Mathews from The Washington Post argues in an article that the IB tests are slightly better because they force students to write more. Therefore, students must think deeper and provide more-detailed answers. He believes that this is the type of thinking that students will be exposed to in college. The AP exams are mostly multiple choice questions that students traditionally find easier and less thought-provoking. However, there is minimal guessing for the IB. Also, the IB has a 4,000 word essay that the AP exam does not have. Both tests and programs are great for high school students. They are engineered to accurately depict college courses. The tests are about 3-5 hours long and are widespread in most high schools. However, the AP exams are much more common than the IB tests. Also, it is easier for high school students to earn college credit through the AP exams because most college administrators are more familiar with AP exams. Students still must pass the test to receive credit. However, Mathews argues that the IB is beginning to receive more recognition. He states that college administrators are now paying more attention to the IB, and more colleges are offering credit for it. Most high schools offer one test or the other, and the test is typically the AP. Not many high schools offer both exams, but Mathews insinuated that high schools might begin to catch on to the IB and offer both. The AP/IB debate remains a mild debate and neither side is strongly pushing for one test over the other. If anything, high schools are pushing for grants to offer both programs and let students decide which program to pursue. Both programs, however, are strongly correlated to students success in college. Studies show that students who enroll in AP/IB programs are more likely to graduate from college within four years. Studies also indicate higher college grades and more success after college. Students should consider enrolling in these programs because both allow students to take college level classes. Students can then have an accurate idea of how much more demanding and rigorous college is compared to high school.

Online Surface Area of a Cylinder Tutors

Online Surface Area of a Cylinder Tutors A cylinder is a 3-dimensional geometric figure which has congruent circular bases on its top and its bottom. These bases are joined by the curved surface of the cylinder which is elongated to a certain height. The total surface area is the sum of all the surface areas of a given geometric shape. This implies that the total surface area of a cylinder is calculated by adding the areas of the bases of the cylinder and the curved surface area of the cylinder. Example 1: What is the total surface area of a cylinder whose radius of the circular base is 4m and the height of the cylinder is 6m? Given: radius, r = 4m Height of the cylinder, h= 6m Total Surface area of cylinder, SA = (2* * r2) + (2* * r* h) This gives: Total surface area of the cylinder, SA= (2* * 42) + (2* * 4* 6) = 32+ 48 = 251.3m2 Therefore, the total surface area of the given cylinder is 251.3m2 Example 2: What is the total surface area of a cylinder whose radius of the circular base is 7m and the height of the cylinder is 10m? Given: radius, r = 7m Height of the cylinder, h = 10m Total Surface area of cylinder, SA = (2* * r2) + (2* * r* h) This gives: Total surface area of the cylinder, SA= (2* * 72) + (2* * 7* 10) = 98+ 140 = 747.7m2 Therefore, the total surface area of the given cylinder is 747.7m2

Online Surface Area of a Square Pyramid Tutors

Online Surface Area of a Square Pyramid Tutors A square pyramid is a 3-dimensional geometric figure consisting of a base and 4 triangles. These 4 triangles of the pyramid join the base to a single point on top known as the apex or the vertex of the pyramid. A pyramid can have different bases, but the pyramid having a square base is known as the square pyramid. Surface area of a square pyramid can be calculated by finding the sum of the area of the base and the areas of the 4 triangles together. Example 1: What is the surface area of a square pyramid which has a base length of 5m and a slant height of 12m? Given: base length, b= 5m Slant height of the pyramid, s = 12m Since it is a square pyramid, the base of the pyramid is a square. Surface area of a square pyramid = b2 + 2* b* s This gives: Surface area of the square pyramid, SA= (5)2 + (2 * 5 * 12) = 25+ 120= 145m2 Therefore, the surface area of the given square pyramid is 145m2 Example 2: What is the surface area of a square pyramid which has a base length of 7m and a slant height of 11m? Given: base length, b= 7m Slant height of the pyramid, s = 11m Since it is a square pyramid, the base of the pyramid is a square. Surface area of a square pyramid = b2 + 2* b* s This gives: Surface area of the square pyramid, SA= (7)2 + (2 * 7 * 11) = 49+ 154= 203m2 Therefore, the surface area of the given square pyramid is 203m2

What is it Like to Attend Ithaca College

What is it Like to Attend Ithaca College The tutors behind Varsity Tutors are not just here to teach theyre sharing their college experiences, as well. Ene graduated from Ithaca College in 2014 with a Bachelors degree in Biochemistry. She tutors Biology tutoring, Chemistry tutoring, Physics tutoring, and many other subjects. Check out her review of Ithaca College: VT: Describe the campus setting and transportation options.How urban or safe is the campus?Are there buses or do you need a car/bike? Ene: The Ithaca College campus is safe, a bit secluded, and of medium size. On-campus housing is very close to campus classes, and in the summertime, I would advise students to walk, instead of drive, to their classes. The winters are very cold, however. The college is about 20-25 minutes from the Ithaca Commons by foot. Buses arrive every thirty minutes on the weekdays, and they run until a little after 1:00 a.m. The campus is secluded from the town, and it is kept safe by public safety officers who drive around, especially at night. Only residents of a building have access to the main entrance with their IDs. In the event that a student is afraid to walk alone, there are escort services available free of charge. A car or bike is not necessary, especially if you live on campus, but a car can be useful after the buses stop running (if you live off campus and during the winter). VT: How available are the professors, academic advisers, and teaching assistants? Ene: The professors and advisers are very easy to reach, especially during office hours. But most times, I could just stop by a professors office and have a chat with him or her. Most teaching assistants (TAs) are students, and they provide their email information to students. They are available through TA sessions and by appointment. VT: How would you describe the dorm life rooms, dining options, location, socialization opportunities with other students? Ene: There are numerous socialization opportunities, especially for freshmen. The First Year Experience introduces students to various student organizations and provides a list of fun things to do in Ithaca. The resident assistants are also very supportive, and they always come up with activities that students can do together. Collaborations between student organizations provide another way for students who are not freshmen to socialize. VT: Which majors/programs are best represented and supported?What did you study and why? Did the university do a good job supporting your particular area of study? Ene: Ithaca College is known for its Music, Theatre, and Television Radio majors. I studied Biochemistry because I love both biology and chemistry, and I wanted a chance to study both. The department is small when compared to other departments, and this made it easier to get to know my fellow students and teachers in the department. Professors had time to answer my individual questions, and I was able to do research with a professor who supervised and advised me. VT: How easy or difficult was it for you to meet people and make friends as a freshman? Does Greek life play a significant role in the campus social life? Ene: I was an international student who enrolled in the spring semester, and the friends I made were mostly exchange students who left in following semesters. It was a bit rough for me to go out and meet people, but once I started to join clubs and take classes outside my major, I had more chances to socialize. Ithaca College has no Greek life of its own, but students can join fraternities and sororities at Cornell University. VT: How helpful is the Career Centerand other student support services?Do many reputable companies recruit on campus? Ene: Career Services offers walk-in sessions for tasks like resume and cover letter writing. They also provide opportunities for students to complete mock interviews. Every semester, there is at least one job fair with between 80-100 recruiters. In addition, there is an alumni mentorship program that allows students to contact and seek advice from alumni of the college. VT: How are the various study areas such aslibraries, the student union, and dorm lounges? Are they over-crowded, easily available, spacious? Ene: Dorm lounges are hardly ever used unless there is a floor event or when students want to watch shows together. There is only one library, which can get crowded during exam periods. But there are multiple computer labs and study lounges where students can study. The library is open 24 hours a day on weekdays. The computer labs are open until late at night. VT: Describe the surrounding town. What kinds of outside establishments / things to do are there that make it fun, boring, or somewhere in between?To what extent do students go to the downtown area of the city versus staying near campus? Ene:Ithaca also houses Cornell University, and students from Ithaca College have the chance to join clubs at Cornell University and to take classes there. It is a great way to meet other students. Ithaca has many gorges and parks that are fun to explore in the summer, and there are many restaurants downtown to explore, as well. VT: How big or small is the student body? Were you generally pleased or displeased with the typical class sizes? Ene: The largest classes are typically introductory classes of up to 100 students (in the sciences). But once you move from 100-level classes, class sizes usually fall to between 10 (for small classes) to about 40 (for the larger classes). I was pleased with the class size because there was more room for individual questions and discussions. VT: Describe one memorable experience with a professor and/or class. Perhaps one you loved the most or one youregretthe most. Ene: I went into college as a Biology major. At that point, I hated chemistry. I remember my first chemistry class with a certain professor and immediately falling in love with chemistry because he taught it so well and enthusiastically. So after that class, I changed my major to Biochemistry. Check out Enes tutoring profile. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of Varsity Tutors.

Critical Reasoning Question 5-MURDER - Private Tutoring

Critical Reasoning Question 5-MURDER BobbiM Feb 2, 2014 Statistics show that more than half of the nations murder victims knew their assailants; in fact, 24% last year were killed by relatives.  Nor was death always completely unexpected.  In one study, about half the murder victims in a particular city had called for police protection at least 5 times during the 24 months before they were murdered.  Nonetheless, most people are more likely to fear being killed by a stranger in an unfamiliar situation than by a friend or relative at home. Which of the following, if true, best explains the reaction of most people to the likelihood of being murdered? A.  Statistics are likely to be discounted no matter what the source, if their implication seems to run counter to common sense. B.  In the face of such upsetting problems as murder and assault, most people are more likely to react emotionally than rationally. C.  A study taken in only one city is not likely to have an effect on attitudes until similar studies have been undertaken at the national level and have yielded similar results. D.  Most people do not consider themselves to be in the high-risk groups in which murder occurs frequently between relations, but do see themselves as at least minimally susceptible to random violence. E.  People who seek police protection from relatives and friends are often unwilling to press charges when the emotions of the moment have cooled. The correct answer is: D Most murder victims were killed by people they knew, yet most people are more likely to fear being killed by a stranger.  The best way to explain this apparent contradiction is (D):  Most people dont believe they fall into the high-risk groups containing murderous friends and relations, but they do think they could be victims of random violence. As for (A), did these people find it counter intuitive that most murder victims knew their killers?  We dont know, so we cant assume they dismissed the statistics.  (B)s too vague to explain the discrepancy.  In light of the statistics, peoples fear of strangers seems irrational, but is it emotional?  A more emotional response might be to become terrified of being killed by ones spouse or best friend.  (C) fails because national statistics already exist, as the firs sentence makes clear.  Finally, (E) might explain why people who knew they might be killed ended up dead, but it doesnt resolve the discrepancy at hand.

English Conversation Class Sleep

English Conversation Class Sleep A conversation with a student last week and a recent article in the New York Times got us thinking about sleep, and convinced us to make it this weeks group English conversation class subject.Salvador Dalis Sleep.Ive always heard stories about so-called super sleepers, people like Bill Clinton, Martha Stewart and Napoleon that could function on around 4 hours of sleep per night. Ive imagined how many more things I could get done if I had a few more hours each. Or how much more I could get done if I wasnt so tired when I got less than six hours of sleep.Teauna is pretty much the opposite. She likes sleeping, and would rather get a good nights sleep than get in a few more hours of work at the computer.According to a recent article in the New York Times, Teauna probably has the right idea. The article talks about research showing that nearly all of us need 8 hours of sleep per night to function at our highest level. Even dropping down to 7 hours harms our performance.The study had volun teers who spent two weeks at a sleep lab, where their sleep was carefully controlled as the performed tasks to measure their performance. There were three groups of sleepers, those who got 8 hours, 6 hours and 4 hours per night consistently over the two weeks.Most interestingly, while many of the of the 4 and 6 hour sleepers said that they got used to it after a few days, tests they took showed that their actual performance had diminished substantially. So, even when people thought they were adapting to sleeplessness, it turned out they were unaware of its effects.Still according to the article, about 5 percent of people are able to function at normal levels on about 4 hours of sleep per night. But scientists think genetics are behind this, and that it is not possible to train your body for less sleep.Ready to talk about sleep in English? Below youll find some questions to prepare you for our next English conversation class. Click here to get registered if you have not already taken a class with us.How many hours of sleep do you normally get in a night?How many hours of sleep would you like to get?What is the longest you have ever gone without sleep?What are sleep patterns like in your country? Do you have a mid-day nap (siesta) or do you have just a single sleep cycle?Do you think people in your country get enough sleep?Do you like sleeping?If you could take a pill that prevented you from ever sleeping again, but also prevented you from getting tired, would you?See you in class!

Everything You Need to Know About Equal Pay Day

Everything You Need to Know About Equal Pay Day Image via: www.pexels.com Where did Equal Pay Day come from? The fight for equal rights between men and women has been a long and exhausting battle, dating all the way back to the 1800s. In 1848, the first Women’s Rights Convention took place. Hundreds of activists gathered together at this convention to fight for a woman’s right to education and employment, as well as the right to vote. Years later, the first organized labor advocacy group worked toward fighting for equal pay between men and women. Later, the Women’s Trade Union League was created to help improve wages and working conditions for women in the workforce. Almost a decade later, The Equal Pay Act was put into action requiring employers to pay men and women the same wages for doing the same work. After advocacy groups and legislations continued to fight for the equal rights between men and women, a silver lining reared its head in 2015, when the Paycheck Fairness Act was written. This comprehensive bill boosts the Equal Pay Act of 1963, but the battle still is not over! This is why Equal Pay Day exists! How can you celebrate Equal Pay Day? There are many ways to be an active celebrator of Equal Pay Day. First, you can contact your elected officials of your state and urge them to take action by passing the Paycheck Fairness Act. Be sure to spread the word among your friends and family and encourage them to do the same thing. Second, host an “unequal” sale of some sort, selling food or objects with a special price: 21 percent off for women and full price for men. Doing this will establish a dialogue between men and women, showing both sides why the pay gap is unfair. Lastly, do what every angry American does to spread the word about their problems and concerns: take it to the Internet! Ask journalistic publications to write about Equal Pay Day and its importance to society. The more coverage the day gets, the better. Image via: www.pixabay.com Why should you be a part of Equal Pay Day? If you are an advocate for equal rights among the sexes, this is a perfect way to show your support. Grab your friends and your anti-establishment rage and get started! Who can be a part of Equal Pay Day? While it does seem like a battle for women, anyone, and I do mean anyone, can join the battle for equal pay between men and women despite your gender. With 20 cents to make up for, we need as many people up for the battle as possible.